The direction of positive controlling current flow is from the positive node through the source to the negative node of vnam linear, or to the negative node of each voltage source nonlinear. However, to get around this problem go back to the schematic. The university of evansville ltspice iv component library. The linked sites, articles and presented information are provided as a useful insight to help you decide on the type of engineering expert you might need. Dc transformer voltage controlled voltage source e. Hit the esc key when done with a particular element. Audience this manual is intended for design engineers who use starhspice to develop, test, analyze, and modify circuit designs. Voltage and current controlled elements hspice supports the following voltage and current controlled elements. The multiply parameter multiplies the internal component. When syntax, or any dependent variables voltage, current, etc, by using findwhensyntax, to be measured when some specific event occurs. The max and min parameters specify a maximum e1 voltage of 5 v and a minimum e1 voltage output of 5 v. M multiplier used for simulating parallel current sources. F elements current controlled current sourcescccs linear exxx voltagecontrolled element name. The four types of dependent sources are listed below in table 1 along with their abbreviation, pspice name and library.
It is optional the symbol means that the field is optional. Spice input file, called source file, consists of three parts. Dependent voltage sources universal nodal analysis algorithm summary e1. Holger vogt, marcel hendrix, paolo nenzi may 27, 2018. Spice quick reference sheet the general anatomy of a. Hsice simulation guide penn state college of engineering. Pspice tutorials pspice tutorials contents 1st tutorial. Independent source elements using sources and stimuli 52 starhspice manual, release 1998. Mentor graphics reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this publication without prior notice, and the. Ltspice iv getting started guideltspice iv getting started. Aa for a current controlled current source cccs and av siemens for a voltage controlled current source. Independent sources must be turned on because the dependent source relies on the excitation due to an independent source.
Ideal dependent independent voltage current source. Current amplifier circuit the left hand circuit is a current divider, and rs ib is. This document is for information and instruction purposes. Related documents the following documents pertain to. Nodal analysis and dependent sources technical articles. Dependent sources are useful tools in analyzing amplifiers.
Behavioral voltage source see voltage and current controlled elements in the hspice simulation and analysis user guide. Must begin with an i followed by up to 15 alphanumeric characters. Voltage dependent voltage current dependent current lossy transmission line bipolar transistor current dependent current voltage controlled switch voltage dependent current current dependent voltage independent current source lossless transmission line uniform rcline independent current source independentvoltagesource jfet transistor. This can be modelled using a voltage controlled current source with voltage controlled by tablebased voltage controlled current source. The dc analysis can also be used to generate dc transfer curves.
Ngspice users manual ngspice28 ngspice release version holger vogt, marcel hendrix, paolo nenzi may 27, 2018. Two characteristics of amplifiers are voltage gain a v and current gain ai. Hsice simulation guide mixed signal chip design lab. This tutorial introduces the dependent source elements in pspice. The standard symbol for a dependent source is the same as that used for an. Input file hspice input is composed of mainly four part. Refer to the document pspice user guide for more information. See e element parameters in the hspice simulation and analysis user guide. A dependent source is either a voltage source or current source whose value depends upon a voltage or current value somewhere else in the circuit.
Its vv for a voltage controlled voltage source vcvs. E elements voltage controlled voltage sourcevcvs linear polynomial piecewise linear. To place another instance of the same part, click the left mouse button again. Circuit elements and models university of california, berkeley. As discussed in class there are four types of dependent sources, two are voltage sources and two are current sources. Modeling voltagecontrolled resistors and capacitors in pspice. This is actually a keyword common to all elements including subcircuits, except for voltage sources. Voltage controlled current source vccs in the voltage controlled current source, the current of the source i ab depends on the voltage across the terminal cd v cd as shown in the figure below where. Must begin with an v followed by up to 15 alphanumeric characters.
Batteries, dc generator or alternator all are very common examples of voltage source. This manual describes the starhspice circuit and device simulation software and how. You can rotate the components by clicking on the r key. Hspice is just a program that takes in a netlist a simple text file, containing a circuit. These sources are known as currentdependent current sources i of i sources and voltagedependent current sources i of v sources. The third example is a delayed current controlled current source. Introduction spice is a generalpurpose circuit simulation. Starting with spice3, they allowed a v for voltage or an i for current.
Constant current sources with very high internal resistances find numerous applications in electronic circuits and analysis and can be built using bipolar transistors, diodes, zeners and fets as well as a combination of. Voltage controlled current source, vccs, and current controlled current source, cccs, are types of dependent current sources. We would like to determine the voltage vc as indicated. The delay element is the same as voltage controlled current source except it is associated by a propagation delay td. For each of the previous discussed voltage sources, there exists the exact same source except that it produces current. Cccs is a starhspice keyword and should not be used as a node name. Ltspice iv getting started guideltspice iv getting started guide. The sources can be categorized into two different types independent source and dependent. This element facilitates the adjustment of propagation. Most elementary math functions are allowed and you can use node voltages and terminal currents in.
The thevenin approach reduces a complex circuit to one with a single voltage source and a single resistor. In the above figure, the voltage across the source terminal v ab is dependent on the voltage across the terminal v cd. Source controlled multiple controlling sources voltage source. Currentcontrolled current source vcontrol refers to the voltage source which the. Ltspice iv and ue voltage dependent current source symbols the ltspice iv and ue current dependent current sources are shown in figure 5. When more than one polynomial coefficient is specified, the element is nonlinear, and p0. Once you have done this you can easily work out anything else you need. There are several voltage sources as well as current sources encountered in our daily life. Dc statement performing dc sweeps starhspice manual, release 1998. Dependent sources in the ue library and in ltspice iv look different than the standard dependent source symbols. The delay element is the same as a current controlled current source except it is associated by a propagation delay td. Current flow is from the positive node through the source to the negative node.
This element facilitates the adjustment of propagation delay in the macromodel process. Hspice applications manual, and hspice command reference. Voltage source and current source a source is a device which converts mechanical, chemical, thermal or some other form of energy into electrical energy. See voltage controlled voltage source vcvs in the hspice simulation and analysis user guide. There are also some current sources encountered in our everyday life, such as photo electric cells, metadyne generator etc. Note that the voltage across resistor r1 is expressed as vx. Controlled sources circuitlab support forum circuitlab. The b source is a type of nonlinear controlled source that was added to open the door to pretty much any function you might want, covering pretty much all possible cases. Ngspice users manual version 31 describes ngspice release version holger vogt, marcel hendrix, paolo nenzi september 22nd, 2019. In other words, the source is an active network element meant for generating electrical energy.
A more detailed list can be found in the spice manual. Independent source elements using sources and stimuli 54 starhspice manual, release 1998. Mesh analysis and dependent sources technical articles. Using pspice for circuits with dependent sources the problems in this tutorial and the corresponding homework continue to deal with the dc analysis of circuits, or dc bias analysis in pspice. For detailed information, see voltage and current controlled elements in the hspice simulation and analysis user guide. Independent source elements using sources and stimuli 54 star hspice manual, release 1998.
Voltage dependent voltage current dependent current lossy transmission line bipolar transistor current dependent current voltage controlled switch voltage dependent current current dependent voltage independent current source lossless transmission line uniform rcline independent current source independentvoltagesource jfet transistor mutual. Some types of analysis use the associated analysis sources. Title line is always the first line of the input file. Now, you will be shown a window with only the dependent source. Note that the voltage across resistor r3 is expressed as v0. Abs output is absolute value if abs1 cccs keyword for current controlled current source. Iname n1 n2 type value n1 is the positive terminal node n2 is the negative terminal node type can be dc, ac or tran, depending on the type of analysis see control statements value gives the value of the source the name of a voltage and current source must start with v and i, respectively. For more information, please refer to the spice users manual or books. Eldo users manual university of kentucky college of. With a voltage controlled current source vccs the control voltage comes from voltage source, the inputs to the source draws no current and the current from the source is based on this voltage. How to put in voltage dependent current source in ltspice. Current controlled current source cccs general syntax. Va ohms for a current controlled voltage source ccvs.
Note the value for e1 is expressed in terms of an unknown value. A voltage amplifier with supply limits can be built with the voltage controlled voltage source. Utilize the thevenin technique to analyze circuits with dependent sources. A nodal analysis with a dependent source occurs when there are two dc voltage sources and a dc current source as shown in figure 1. Follow these instructions to run remote desktop connection. Independent and dependent voltage and current sources. Ltspice dependent voltage sources circuit electrical. The various types of sources available in the electrical network are voltage source and current sources. What is independent dependent voltage and current source. Voltage sources, in addition to being used for circuit excitation, are the ammeters for spice, that is, zero valued voltage sources may be inserted into the circuit for the purpose of measuring current.
Hspice simulation and analysis user guide version x2005. This lets us make feedback loops and other interesting circuits. Chapter 5 using sources and stimuli class home pages. Ic is the initial condition dc voltage for capacitors or dc current for inductors. Performing initialization and analysis dc initialization and point analysis 64 star hspice manual, release 1998. A dependent source is dependent on either a voltage or current.
Spice quick reference sheet the general anatomy of a spice. Place the resistors, capacitor from the analog library, and the dc voltage and current source. Since this line is echoed back in the outputfile for the page header, it is a very good place to describe what this simulation is for. A hspice simulation and analysis user guide, x2005. Performing behavioral modeling dependent current sources g elements starhspice manual, release 1998.
608 417 166 660 1396 219 378 878 378 1391 1040 114 995 1177 358 120 1269 547 1282 1069 484 886 1348 50 866 1476 723 698 1112 434 438 670 415 1207 1396 1083 994 812 37