Human hands are quite special in their anatomy, which allows us to be so dextrous and relies on muscles of the upper limb to help move it through space. The nerve supply to the upper limb is commonly damaged by fractures, penetrating trauma and external compression. In each case, the nerves course is described and the anatomical details of the entrapment points described. Nov 26, 2017 this video provides an overview of the nerve supply of the upper extremity. An inconstant intrathoracic ramus which joined the 2nd intercostal nerve to the ventral ramus of the 1st thoracic nerve. Muscle name origin insertion action innervation muscles of upper extremity. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The axillary artery is the direct continuation of the subclavian artery distal to the inferior border of the first rib. The general form of the shoulder and upper limb is determined primarily by the skeleton, but most of the detail is provided by. By looking at all of the upper limbs components separately we can appreciate and compartmentalize the information, then later view the upper limb as a whole and understand how all of its parts work in unison.
Its bones, muscles, nerves, joints, blood vessels and lymphatics, anatomical areas, and structures found in the hand. Upper limb arterial supply continuations and branches of the subclavian artery provide blood to the upper limb. Cutaneous innervation of the upper limb the patterns of cutaneous sensory nerve distribution o the clavicle is an sshaped long bone, which forms part of the pectoral girdle. Muscles stabilizing pectoral girdle muscles of the upper limb. The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery after crossing the 1st ribthe axillary artery b this website provides over 0 free medical books and more for all students and doctors this website the best choice for medical students during and after learning medicine. External intercostals lower border of a rib upper border of rib below elevate ribs during inspiration intercostal nerves. Erbduchenne palsy caused by an increased angle between neck and shoulder, eg. The plexus formed by the anterior rami divisions of cervical spinal nerves c5, c6, c7 and c8, and the frst thora cic spinal nerve, t1. An understanding of the origin of the sympathetic innervation of the upper limb is important in surgical sympathectomy procedures. Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific nerve. The hand is a very mobile part of the upper limb, and we perform very specialised tasks with it every day, key adaptations can be seen in the specialised structures of the hand. It is best studied broken down into its components. The principles of the upper limb anatomy are an important topic in your medical studies.
The posterior cord terminates in the posterior extensor nerve of the upper limb. A third cutaneous nerve, the genitofemoral, is formed from l1 and l2, and supplies a small area of skin on the upper front part of the thigh. This chapter discusses the anatomy and movement of the upper limb. The anterior branches of the spinal nerves in the lower cervical region leave the spinal cord at the level of the lower part of the neck. The courses of nerves and vessels in the upper limb structure of the brachial plexus, and the consequences of injuries thereto medial pectoral nerve injuries of the brachial plexus. Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor variations in some of the details. The upper limb is supplied by a nervous network called the brachial plexus. D chaurasias human anatomy for upper limb, lower limb, thorax and abdomen. This chapter describes the nerves of the upper limb. I have covered the brachial plexus itself in more detail in a separate article here. Most modern sources distinguish the superior and inferior, but some still include a single lateral brachial cutaneous nerve. Jan 23, 2012 the blood supply and nerve supply of the upper extremity. Introduction to the upper limb add, remove and highlight groups of structures with the systems, regions and tissues tabs drag the reference plane in the dissection area by its blue border to the middle of the arm the cross sections are numbered in the lower left corner, you should be close to 484. The motor and sensory supply of the upper limb is provided by the brachial plexus which is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves c5t1.
The medial, intermediate, and lateral supraclavicular nerves from the cervical plexus supply the dermatomal distribution to. Traction injuries to the upper limb can tear the roots from the spinal cord. Muscle name origin insertion action innervation muscles of upper extremity pectoralis major medial half of clavicle, front of sternum, costal cartilage crest of greater tubercle lateral lip of bicipital groove horizontally adduct, medially rotate at shoulder medical and lateral pectoral. Upper a limb muscles movement nerve supply anatomy2medicine. It begins in the root of the neck, passes through the axilla, and runs through the entire upper extremity.
Thoracic origin of a sympathetic supply to the upper limb. The hand manual region is the terminal end and focus of the upper limb. The soleus located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg and it is a powerful muscle in the back part of the leg. Due to his regular use of various modern learning tools, he was awarded the title of most innovative teacher of the. If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or. Muscles of the lower limb iliacus part of iliopsoas origin. Nerve supply to the upper limb anatomy geeky medics. Structures attached to coracoid process of scap ula.
A dermatome is an area of skin which is chiefly supplied by a single spinal nerve. Lymph from the upper limb drains into lymphatic vessels travelling with both deep and superficial veins. If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or blog, please purchase the appropriate license. These nerves give sensation to our upper limb, as well as innervating the muscles, allowing us to move them at will. An inconstant intrathoracic ramus which joined the 2nd intercostal nerve to the ventral ramus of the 1st thoracic nerve, proximal to the point where the latter gave a large branch to the brachial plexus, has become known as the nerve of kuntz kuntz, 1927. The brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibers that supplies the skin and musculature of the upper limb. Muscles lower limb upper limb and lower limb and thorex upper limb anatomy musles of upper limb mnemonic upper limb assessment of upper limb nerve injury of upper limb vishram singh upper limb pdf. Nerve supply of the lower limb musculoskeletal key. The medial and lateral cords terminate in the flexor nerves of the upper limb. Another nerve of the upper limb is the musculocutaneous nerve, it contains nerve fibres from roots c5 to c7 and supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm. The nerve supply to the upper limb is almost entirely supplied by the brachial plexus.
If all of the roots are involved, upper limb function is lost. It originates from nerve roots c5 to t1 and, as it passes through the axilla, merges the nerve fibres from these roots into different nerve branches. Groups of nodes are found in the cubital fossa and in the axilla. The first lumbar nerve divides into two, the iliohypogastric and the ilioinguinal nerves, which supply the skin of the buttock and groin, respectively. Muscles moving thigh anterior muscles of the lower limb. There are 8 cervical nerves c1 denoting an anomaly with no dermatome, 12 thoracic nervest1t12, 5 lumbar nervesl1l5 and 5 sacral nervess1s5. Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm near blue axillary area, but actually branches from radial nerve. Cutaneous innervation of the upper limb the patterns of cutaneous sensory nerve distribution. And here you upper a limb muscles movement nerve supply disorders study material s of medical md entrance exams.
Dec 17, 2018 this chapter discusses the anatomy and movement of the upper limb. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The purpose of the current study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the nerve anatomy of the upper extremity to include innervation. These spinal roots branch and join in a complex manner forming the brachial plexus, which passes over the first rib and under the clavicle to reach the axilla. Muscles of anteriorflexor compartment of arm and their nerve supply muscles supplied by musculocutaneous nerve.
Extremities developed from limb buds in the body wall. James pickering will introduce you to upper limb anatomy. This video provides an overview of the nerve supply of the upper extremity. Pickering is a professor of anatomy and has written various publications in the field. At the lower part of the axilla, the three cords split into the five terminal branches which enter the arm. All are supplied by median nerve except one, flexor carpi ulnaris. Useful for students of mbbs, bds, bpt and allied health sciences.
In this article, we are sharing with you some mnemonics so that you can remember some points easily. Anterior view muscles moving wrist, hand, and fingers. It originates from nerve roots c5 to t1 and, as it passes through the. Deep peroneal nerve is a nerve that is found in anterior compartment of leg and dorsum of the foot. The major function of the upper limb is to position the hand in space for use as a mechanical and sensory tool. In the posterior triangle of the neck these rami form three trunks from which fibers enter the axilla region armpit to innervate the muscles of the anterior and posterior compartments of the limb. The anatomy of the upper limb is difficult to remember like the rest of anatomy. The courses of nerves and vessels in the upper limb. Unlike the lower limb, which is used for support, stability, and locomotion, the upper limb is designed to be flexible. Introduction upper limb function depends on five roots of origin of spinal nerves in the neck.
The brachial plexus is a collection of nerve fibres that supply motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb. Nerve supply of the upper limb musculoskeletal key. It also has a sensory branch which supplies the lateral aspect of the forearm. The joints of the upper limb are found between some of these bones and the muscles crossing them allow us to orient these joints. Aug 08, 2018 at the junction of the upper 23rd and lower rd of the leg, it pierces the deep fascia, and shortly divides up into a medial and a lateral terminal branch which reaches the dorsum of the foot. At the junction of the upper 23rd and lower rd of the leg, it pierces the deep fascia, and shortly divides up into a medial and a lateral terminal branch which reaches the dorsum of the foot.
Muscles responsible for abduction at shoulder joint. Muscle origin insertion action innervation artery notes. They link up together forming the brachial plexus, which travels through the axilla to supply the arm. The blood supply and nerve supply of the upper extremity. We will also discuss the clinical relevance of the upper limb. Pathology medicine notes for mbbsstudents for aspirants who preparing for neetpg, dnb cet, aiims and other medical exams. Jul 24, 2016 there, five nerves emerge and pass down the limb to supply all of the structures in the arm, forearm and hand. The nerves of the upper limb arise from a complex arrangement of nerve fibers known as the brachial plexus. Nerve supply of the upper limb study guide by pww0023 includes 43 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Intercostobrachial nerve purple medial cutaneous nerve of arm yellow labeled as medial brachial. The upper limb upper extremity is truly a complex part of human anatomy.
Upper limb muscles muscles of the upper limb upper limb muscles anatomy upper limb muscles origin and insertion pdf b. The upper limb or upper extremity is the region in humans or vertebrates extending from the deltoid region which includes the hand, arm, axilla and the shoulder. There are 6 topics covered in the nerves of the upper limb, an overview of the brachial plexus and a more indepth look into its 5 main branches. Anatomy of nerve entrapment sites in the upper quarter. The brachial plexus is also vulnerable to pressure in the axilla. The plexus is anatomically divided into roots, trunks, divisions, cords and finally, the terminal branches. Muscles forming musculotendinous cuffrotator cuff and their nerve supply. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, cutaneous innervation. It covers from just below the knee to the heel, and is committed to standing.
Request pdf lower limb nerve supply the chapter provides a detailed analysis of all of the key nerves of the lower limb. Upper extremity anatomy arteries, veins, muscles free. You may not embed one of our images on your web page without a link back to our site. A thorough understanding of upper limb anatomy is absolutely essential if you want to succeed in a neurological examination osce station. Cranial nerve 11, spinal accessory nerve rhomboids spines of c7 and t15 vertebral medial border of. This plexus is made by the merging of the anterior rami from the lower four cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve c5t1. Muscle name origin insertion action innervation muscles of. Lateral pectoral nerve,musculocutaneous nerve, lateral root of median nervemedical cord m4u medial pectoral nerve,medial cutaneous n. Posterior upper limb trudy van houten, september 1, 2010 page 30. Nerves of the upper limb an overview sciencedirect topics. Summary of the nerve supply of upper extremity easy anatomy. Cliffsnotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what youre studying, cliffsnotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams.
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